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Long Term Space BudgetingIn Monday's part 1 of "VSE and the Retirement of Baby Boomers," Charles Miller and Jeff Foust port the conventional wisdom about budgeting to the space discussion. These are two of the most well-read, connected and smart people on space topics. I'd like to give folks addressing this issue some more texture to add some items that are not part of the conventional intergenerational budget debate which can be summarized perennially as "vote for me or things will all go to hell pretty soon if they aren't already there", but every year real personal income rises and real government spending minus interest payments rise; life expectancy goes up and almost all the Cassandras are proven wrong, but by then they've long since moved on to the next pending calamity. Here are the unconventional texture points:
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Between Federal, State, County and Local taxes, we are taxed together at above the monopoly rate; if there were a coordinated decrease, revenues would increase for each
What do you mean by monopoly rate?
It's the natural price (or in this case, rate) at which a monopoly maximizes its revenue (any higher, and sales drop off faster than the higher price can compensate, any lower and you "leave money on the table"). In short, he's saying that marginal tax rates are suboptimal, and will result in higher overall revenue if lowered (which does have quite a bit of evidence to support it, but I don't think there is any general agreement as to just what the optimal global marginal tax rate is).
Bet on Oklahoma and New Mexico.
Florida is coming on strong.
Very interesting perspectives Sam, particularly the size comparisons between economies. Gave me something to ponder.
"we are taxed together at above the monopoly rate"
i.e. on the far right of the laffer curve.
If I'm a contractor, I pay payroll and income taxes on money I earn at the margin $0.38 gross which is 61% of the $0.62 I get to keep. Whatever I buy next, whether it's a house, something at the store, or hire someone to be a household employee, I'm hit with a property, sales, or employer tax. If I keep it, I'm hit with interest or capital gains tax on top of the other tax when I get around to finally spending it. Let's say I buy something at the store and pay 8% sales tax. So I get $0.57 worth of stuff for providing $1.00 worth of work. The $0.43 I'm paying in taxes at the margin is 75% of the $0.57 I'm keeping.
If I got 10% more stuff for every dollar I earned, I might work 20% harder. So there would be more dollars to tax. Assume my average tax rate is the same as my marginal tax rate. I would go from paying 75% to 61% of the value of the stuff I get, I would be getting 1.1*1.2 as much or 32% more stuff. Instead of $0.43 cents of taxes on one dollar of work, they'd get $0.46 of $1.20.
If you think of a tax rate as a price on work, the monopoly price/tax rate is the one that extracts the maximum total tax. If you are giving $0.99 of every dollar earned to the tax man, you won't be too motivated to work. At 1%, the government won't benefit too much from your extra work. I think we're above the monopoly rate because there are many different "toll takers" on the bridge from me working to me getting stuff and I have no reason to think they are not all separately maximizing the money they think they can extract.
Going from above the monopoly tax rate to the monopoly tax rate would also decrease the price of stuff because a big component of stuff is imputed taxes.
Ironically, if there is a country with no division of taxing power, the rates would be lower and the taxes would be higher (assuming they didn't abuse the monopoly to make the place a bad place to live so people left).